Cracking the code of emerging-market debt: What every investor should know

Vontobel’s experts assess the implications of the latest US-Iran deal for inflation and interest rates, exploring the policy outlook for the Fed, ECB and Bank of England, and discussing where opportunities and risks may emerge across fixed income markets.

Markets have held up surprisingly well, even as pressures build beneath the surface. Since the war in the Middle East began in February, investors have had to contend with rising energy prices, renewed inflation concerns, and a quasi-U-turn in monetary policy expectations.

Emerging markets have just weathered two major global shocks — and have come out on top. We believe this is no accident. Many investors missed the post-Liberation Day rebound by staying anchored in a framework that may no longer describe the emerging-market universe. The same misreading risks compounding potential portfolio under-exposure today.

In the US and Japan, monetary policy is expected to support fiscal policy, even when central banks have other plans. Federal Reserve “Fed” Chair nominee Kevin Warsh's reform plans conflict with US President Donald Trump's preference for low rates, and the Bank of Japan's efforts to normalize policy clash with Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's economic agenda.

We believe EM fixed income is better positioned today than four years ago, despite uncertainty around the duration of the war and the disruption of oil supply. If de-escalation materializes in the short term, EM bonds may rebound amid a resumption of pre-war trends, including diversification away from US-centric portfolios.

In investment grade, several hyperscalers raised capex projections, driving record-breaking bond issuance. AI-related investments are heightening correlation risks and reshaping index compositions. In high yield, AI disruption creates risks and opportunities, particularly in software. The AI-capex trend has impacted the Swiss bond market, where new issuance remained elevated.